DIRECT
AND REPORTED SPEECH (Ucapan langsung & laporan)
Al Faqih Warsono
A. DIRECT SPEECH
Direct speech adalah ucapan langsung yang diucapkan oleh orang yang
bersangkutan dalam situasi yang sebenarnya. Dalam teks berbentuk Narrative
umumnya banyak menggunakan ucapan jenis ini.
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Then he told the terrified fox to
make the division. The fox accumulated all that they had killed into one
large heap and left to himself the smallest possible share. The rest he
requested the lion to have.
"Who has taught you, my dear fellow, the art of division? You are
perfect to a fraction," said the lion, pleased as punch.
"I learned it from the ass sir, by witnessing his fate,"
replied the fox. He made up his mind never to take a lion as partner in any
future venture
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Ungkapan yang di cetak tebal itu adalah contoh dari direct
speech.
Kata kerja (verbs) yang digunakan biasanya: ask (meminta/bertanya),
exclaim (menyeru), suggest (menyarankan), reply (menjawab), cry
(menangis), reflect (mencerminkan), suppose (menganggap), grunt
(mendengkur), snarl (menggertak), hiss (mendesah), whisper (berbisik).
B. REPORTED SPEECH
Reported speech adalah merupakan indirect speech (ucapan tidak langsung).
Reported speech adalah ucapan yang secara tidak labgsung diucapkan oleh yang
bersangkutan, sehingga disampaikan oleh orang lain dalam situasi yang berbeda
dengan situasi yang sebenarnya. Wartawan, misalnya, melaporkan hasil
pembicaraan oirang dengan menggunakan kata-katanya sendiri, tetapi tetap isinya
sama dengan yang diucapkan oleh yang bersangkutan. Kita membicarakan ide
yang diungkapkan tanpa mengutip kata-kata yang diucapkannya, tetapi dengan
menggunakan susunan kalimat/ucapan sendiri. Biasanya menggunakan kata
"that" dalam kalimat pernyataan, "wheter" dalam kalimat
interrogative, kata tanya dalam kalimat tanya. Untuk lebih jelas perhatikan
contoh penggalan cerita yang dikutip dari
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Ten-year-old Preeti looked at the
computer screen. She had received an email from the editor of the site
Natkhat informing her that her story had been accepted for publication. The
editor wanted to create Preeti's home page and had sent her a questionnaire
asking her to list out her favourite things.
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Ungkapan yang di cetak tebal itu adalah contoh dari reported
speech.
Ucapan tidak langsung tersebut sebenarnya berasal dari ucapan langsung sebuah
e-mail yang ditulis oleh editor. Yaitu : She had received an email from the
editor of the site Natkhat . It sid, "Preeti, your story has been accepted
for publication." "We want to create your home page and
we have sent you a questioraire asking you to list out your favorite
things".
Bandingkan:
- He said, "I'm going home"
-He said (that) he was going home.
-Mum says, "Why aren't you at school?"
-Mum wants to know why you aren't at school.
-He said, "I love you"
-He said (that) he loved me.
- Peter said, "Why don't we phone him now?"
-Peter suggested phoning him straight away, atau
- Peter asked me why we didn't phone him at that time, atau
- Peter wanted to know why we didn't phone him at that time.
C. CARA MENYUSUN REPORTED SPEECH BERDSARKAN DIRECT SPEECH.
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Direct
Speech
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Reported
Speech
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Ato: I like melons
Ato told me, “I like melons”
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He said he liked melons
Ato told me that he liked melons
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Ato: Is it raining?
Ato told me, “I’m waiting for you”
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He asked if it was raining
Ato wanted to know whether it was
raining
Ato told me that he was waiting
for me.
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Hani: I didn’t recognize you
Hani whispered me, “Budi was
interested in your speech”
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She explained that she hadn’t
recognized me
Hani whispered me that Budi had been
interested in my speech.
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I told Hani: You’ve annoyed the
dog
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I told her that she’d annoyed the
dog
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Joy: I was joking about the price
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He said he was joking about the
price
He said he had been joking about
the price
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You: I hadn’t seen her before that
day
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You said you hadn’t seen her
before that day
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I : We’ll be late
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I was afraid we’d be late
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Ita: I can swim
Ita and Aji: It may rain
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She thought she could swim
They said it might rain
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I told Aji: You could be right
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I felt he could be right
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He said, “I might come”
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He said that he might come
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Ita: That should be interesting
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Ita said it should be interesting
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Aji: I must go
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Aji said he must go
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Catatan:
Jika dalam Reported speech, kata
kerja (verb) nya menggunakan present (kini), future (yang akan datang), present
perfect (kini telah sempurna), maka verb (kata kerja) juga sama dalam direct
speech.
- Will I be in time?
- She wants to know if she will be in
time.
- Was your operation successful?
- He’ll certainly ask you if your
operation was successful
- I don’t want to go
- I’ve already told you that I don’t
want to go
Jika yang dilaporkan ternyata masih
berlaku sampai sekarang, maka bentuk present tetap berlaku, misalnya:
- The earth goes round the sun
- Galileo proved that the earth goes
round the sun.
- I’m only 28 years.
- She told me the other day that
she’s only 28 years.
REPORTED QUESTIONS
Auxiliary verbs (kata kerja bantu)
dan tanda tanya yang digunakan dalam kalimat tanya, tidak digunakan dalam
reported questions.
-How do you feel?
- The nurse asked how I felt
-Why is your mother driving so fast?
- I wondered why my mother was
driving so fast.
-Where are all the people living?
- Jane couldn't understand where all
the people were living.
"IF" atau
"WHETHER" digunakan untuk kalimat tanya yang tidak menggunakan kata
tanya (interrogative).
- Do you want the town center
- The bus driver asked if / whether
I wanted the town center
-Can you help me?
- I don't know if / whether I can
help you.
Kata yang iasa digunakan dalam
kalimat direct tapi tidak pada reported adalah:
-She said, "Do you want me to
help you"
- She asked if I wanted her to help
me.
Dalam kalimat : orders, requests,
advice & suggestions, reported speech-nya menggunakan invinitive.
-I told Andi to be careful crossing
the glacier.
-The old lady has asked us to be
quiet after mid night
- The accountants advice us to raise
prices by 8 %
Dalam kalimat negative , requests,
reported speech-nya menggunakan negative infinitive
-Margaret told me not to worry.
(Margaret memberi tahu saya untuk tidak hawatir)
